Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Relationship Between Cognitive and Moral Development...
Many researchers have written about child development, but the most well known are Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. Piagets theory of cognitive development and Kohlbergs theory of moral development have been essential in helping researchers grasp the biological and psychological changes that occur between birth and adolescence. While these theories share some similarities, they also have many differences, such as Kohlbergââ¬â¢s application to various cultures. It is important to compare these models in order to comprehend child development. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss prodigy and psychologist. After he graduated from the University of Zurich, he moved to Paris, where he taught at the Grange-Aux-Belles school for boys. During hisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For example, ââ¬Å"an infant may accidentally shake a rattle and enjoy the noiseâ⬠(Cook, 2009, p. 159). They may continue to shake the rattle for their own satisfaction. Piaget characterized the fourth substage, Coordination of Secondary Schemes, by intentionality, ââ¬Å"that is, they begin to take actions that they expect to have specific outcomesâ⬠(Cook, 2009, p. 159). This stage typically begins around the age of ten months. During this time, small children finally understand object permanence, ââ¬Å"that objects, events, and even people continue to exist when they are not in the infantââ¬â¢s direct line of sensory or motor actionâ⬠(Cook, 2009, p. 159). The fifth substage occurs when a child is between the twelfth and eighteenth mo nths of age. It is termed Tertiary Circular Reactions, and during this time, infants begin to demonstrate curiosity in the world. Finally, around eighteen months, toddlers acquire, ââ¬Å"the ability to form symbols that stand for objects or events in the worldâ⬠(Cook, 2009, p. 158). These symbols are the main attributes of Transition to Symbolic Thought. Piagetââ¬â¢s second stage, Preoperational Thought, tends to last from two to seven years of age. During this time, the logic and motor skills begin to develop and this leads to egocentrism, which gradually weakens over time. In addition, the child believes in animism, that inanimate objects are capable of actions and lifelikeShow MoreRelatedResearch On Piaget s Stage Theory1388 Words à |à 6 Pagesskill to master when moving towards the next stages. In each stages, object permanence becomes a necessary skill to learn, specifically when a child is developing their mental representation ability. Moreover, prior research ha s shown that learning cognitive skills is strongly associated with being able to gain learning communication. Although children with these types of disabilities have a difficult time achieving object permanence, they are able to understand the concept within a longer period ofRead MoreThe Construct Of Empathy, By Great Thinkers From Various Disciplines1669 Words à |à 7 Pages The construct of empathy attracts the interest of academics from various fields of study, particularly in subfields of psychology. Its function and associated processes in moral development have been discussed for centuries by great thinkers from various disciplines. Hoffman (1982) defines empathy as ââ¬Å"an affective response more appropriate to anotherââ¬â¢s situation than oneââ¬â¢s ownâ⬠. 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This challenging, and important time in between childhood and adulthood has caused a lot of interest in the psychological field and a number of theories have been developed in order to try and explain the different stages of development. One of the most significant models of psychosocial development was created by Erikson (1963) and the stage related to adolescents is known as the ââ¬Å"Identity vs. Role-Diffusionâ⬠, where
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